ALB and metabolic acidosis: As presented in Table 2, significantly different variables that facilitated the occurrence of stage 3 AKI included mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, elevated serum creatine kinase, hyperuricaemia, elevated white blood cell count, anaemia, proteinuria, haematuresis, and the use of medications including colloids (serum albumin), vasoactive agents, and diuretics.