At present, PDE4 represents an effective therapeutic strategy in many inflammatory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatic arthritis (RA), lupus and inflammation of the nervous system [28,29]. This evidence concerns the gene PDE4A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.