We focused on publications that: (i) described the analyses of potentially pathogenic germline BARD1 variants in adult hereditary cancer syndromes; (ii) BARD1 in vitro and in cellulo assays that assessed the biological effect of potentially pathogenic variants on protein function; and (iii) analyzed cancer risk associated with potentially pathogenic BARD1 variants in family-based and case-control study groups. The gene discussed is BARD1; the disease is cancer.