TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It was demonstrated that chronic systemic inflammation, characterized by the increase of serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6, was closely related to pathogenesis of multiple metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and dyslipidemia in both humans and animal models (Burhans, Hagman, Kuzma, Schmidt, & Kratz, 2018; Cox, West, & Cripps, 2015; Lira, Rosa Neto, Antunes, & Fernandes, 2014; Lontchi‐Yimagou, Sobngwi, Matsha, & Kengne, 2013).