For example, the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), linked to Hodgkin's lymphoma and EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is shown to activate the TPL2 kinase, which then modulates viral lytic replication, NF-κB and AP-1 activation, inflammation and tumor progression 24, 25. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.