We also found that knockdown of p68 decreased the mRNA levels of fibronectin, α-SMA and collagen-1 in Pkd1-mutant PN24 cells and Pkd1 null MEK cells (Figure 7), which suggested that upregulation of p68 might promote renal fibrosis by upregulating fibrotic markers in ADPKD. Here, ACTA1 is linked to renal fibrosis.