HMGB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: For instance, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells, is passively released as a DAMP in case of necrotic cell death and interacts with TLR4 to initiate the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)10.