IFNG and infection: These observations not only suggest that IRG-dependent and -independent pathways are mechanistically distinct from each other but may also explain why the latter pathway operates efficiently in the absence of IFN-γ priming: as shown in this study, infection alone appears to induce little IRG but robust GBP expression at early times of postinfection, the latter presumably being sufficient to execute the IRG-independent antiparasitic pathway reported here.