GDF15 and cancer: It is interesting to note that increased GDF15 has been measured in the circulation of human cancer subjects (Welsh et al., 2003; Bauskin et al., 2006; Brown et al., 2003) and, recently an NTS → CGRPPBN → CeA/ovBNST axis has been implicated in mediating the anorexia associated with cancer models in mice (Campos et al., 2017).