CXCL12 and neoplasm: It has been demonstrated that irradiated tumors showed enhanced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration, possibly attributed to the upregulation of chemoattractant stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) as well as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [37, 43, 44].