Expression profile of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was analyzed in patients with DN and this group showed a significant increase in IL-6 (p < 0.0001; U = 82, Fig. 1a and b), IL-1β (p < 0.0001; t = 5.16, Fig. 1c and d), and IL-4 (p < 0.0001; U = 182, Fig. 1e and f) and a decrease in TNFR1 (p = 0.0107; t = 2.631, Fig. 2a and b) compared to the control group. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and liver dysplastic nodule.