TNF and neoplasm: As shown in Fig 5D, the relative transcript levels of all proinflammatory cytokines assessed (TNFα, IL-6, MIP-2 (the mouse ortholog of human IL-8), and IFNγ), were significantly increased in the tumor-bearing vehicle-treated group and were significantly reduced in the WFA-treated groups compared to the tumor-free vehicle-treated group (p < 0.0001) (Fig 5D).