AGER and diabetes mellitus: In diabetes, increased blood glucose significantly increases the level of AGEs in the blood circulation and tissues and AGEs bind to their receptors (RAGE) thus increased ROS production in tissues, ROS can induce osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells to express RANKL, promote osteoclasts formation, differentiation and maturation, thus increasing bone resorption, and ultimately leading to bone tissue damage and DOP [31].