The other primary mechanism regulating translation in NCDs discussed in this review is the mTORC1/eIF4E regulation pathway, contributing to increased hyperphosphorylated tau protein accumulation in NFT-bearing neurons during AD [153,154,155], and neurotoxicity and accumulation and spread of pathogenic α-syn in PD brains [164,165,166,167,222]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Parkinson disease.