Moreover, in vitro models recently demonstrated that downregulation of LRRK2 suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth [33] and decreases proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma [34]; on the other hand, overexpression of LRRK2 activates survival and proliferation signals in melanocytes and melanoma cells [35]. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and differentiated thyroid carcinoma.