PCR-based analysis of human bladder cancer tissue showed that mRNA levels of S100A2, S100A3, S100A5, S1007, S100A8, S100A9, S100A14, S100A15, S100A16, and S100P were elevated, while S100A1, S100A4, and S100B were downregulated compared with normal bladder urothelium [190]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A1 and urinary bladder cancer.