TIPRL and cancer: Unexpectedly, compared with empty vector-transfected cells, only 4 down-regulated genes (IGFBP1, NDRG1, EIF4G2, and NBPF10; fold change ≥2), which were not metastasis-related gene in human cancer, were detected in the MKN45 cells overexpressing TIPRL, microarray analysis revealed that almost all the genes remained unaffected at the mRNA levels, suggesting that TIPRL may modulate the genes at the post-transcriptional levels (Figure 7A).