Finally, interacting with the neuronal IL-4 receptor, IL-4 could mediate a protective function (Steinman, 2015; Walsh et al., 2015), inducing actin modifications and axonal sprouting, as observed in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models (Vogelaar et al., 2018). Here, IL4 is linked to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.