SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Quantifying the fluorescence intensity of C3 within astrocytes, we saw a significant increase in astrogliosis in the spinal cords and motor cortices of the sporadic ALS cases and the C9ORF72 and SOD1-ALS cases, as well as an increase in C3 levels in the medulla of sporadic and SOD1-ALS patients (Fig. 3a, b), changes that accompanied traditional astrocyte hypertrophy (Supplementary Fig. 7).