ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated in many cancers including several hematologic malignancies (e.g., anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)) and solid tumors (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) due to chromosomal translocations, substitution mutations, and gene amplification [49].