AR and neoplasm: On the other hand, sexual steroid hormone receptors (androgen receptor -AR-, estrogen receptor alpha -ERα-, and progesterone receptor -PR-) are present in the nucleus of epithelial cells in ovarian carcinoma [19, 20] and their presence has been associated with disease-free and overall survival of the patients [21, 22] with their effect on tumor cell survival having been evaluated in primary cultures of epithelial ovarian tumors [23].