PNPLA2 and hyperinsulinism: In general, gene expression was more affected in 3T3-L1 than in SGBS, with four genes significantly upregulated (Fasn, Lpl, Lep, Cidea) and four genes significantly downregulated (Srebf1, Il6, Cebpa, Pnpla2) by chronic insulin exposure, with the most profound effects observed for Lep and Cebpa. Distinctly, hyperinsulinemia induced an upregulation of SREBF1, ELOVL6, IL1B and a downregulation of CIDEA in SGBS (Table 2 and Figure 3).