In infections, toll-like receptors (TLRs) directly recognize the bacteria, virus, or fungi and can directly or indirectly, depending on the type of stimuli, induce the production of IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.