Our research on autoimmune diseases has additionally shown Dectin-1 or gut microbiota-dependent preventative and protective effects of systemic treatment with yeast β-glucan (YBG; β-1,3/1,6-d-glucan) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) [17] and oral treatment with YBG in T1D [4] and colitis [5]. The gene discussed is CLEC7A; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.