TXN and infectious disease: Through functional analysis and domain prediction, we next uncovered a potential thioredoxin that contains two modified cysteines on its key active motif; S-glutathionylation of the sites affected the oxidative resistance, competition and cariogenecity of S. mutans. We anticipate that S-glutathionylation proteome studies could be performed on more refractory infectious diseases, revealing more mechanisms of pathogen infection and providing new methods to treat infectious diseases.