LGALS3 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: For example, Nilsson and co-workers have demonstrated that galactose monosaccharides functioned with aromatic moieties at the 3-O position can be selective, potent inhibitors of galectin-3,[39-47] and that 3-substituted oxazoles could provide selectivity for galectin-3 over galectin-1.[48] In addition, thiodigalactoside analogs substituted with hydrophobic groups at the 3-positions have shown significant selectivity and binding to galectin-3 in the nm range.[47-56] For example, TD139, is currently in clinical trials for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.[57]