Our data suggest that the observed protection against influenza after vaccination with CD8α ALN-1 is mediated by equally strong CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, which is in accordance with the recent work of Lapuente et al., who demonstrated that WT IL-1β induces both CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells against influenza NP and proved, in FTY720 experiments, that these TRM cells are necessary and sufficient to control viral replication at the mucosal site of infection24. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is influenza.