Other combination strategies are under investigation or in clinical trials, such as combining checkpoint inhibitors with agents that promote NK cell infiltration into tumors, promote the persistence and activation of NK cells (such as cytokines and TLR or STING agonists), and resist the inhibitory TME (e.g., anti-TGF-β mAbs), to further increase anti-tumor capacity of NK cells and improve the response rates to immunotherapies. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.