APP and Alzheimer disease: Excessive Aβ can affect the expression of synapse-related proteins, decrease dendritic spine density, inhibit excitatory synaptic transmission, affect synaptic plasticity, and cause cognitive impairments both in AD patients (Donohue et al., 2017; Evered et al., 2019; Wen et al., 2019) and AD mouse models (Selkoe, 2019; Zott et al., 2019) including Tg2576, 5xFAD, 3xTg-AD, APP/PS1, hAPP-J20, and hAPPJ9/FYN mice (Verret et al., 2012; Flanigan et al., 2014; Palop and Mucke, 2016; Shu et al., 2016; Cattaud et al., 2018; Lerdkrai et al., 2018).