For example, among long tail genes that are highly ranked by PertInInt but have not yet been identified as cancer relevant, several have an enrichment of mutations in their DNA or small molecule interaction sites (e.g., MGA and GRIN2D, Figure 3B), in line with previous observations that many cancer driver genes exhibit these types of protein interaction perturbations (Delgado and León, 2006; Jeggo et al., 2016; Raimondi et al., 2017). Here, GRIN2D is linked to cancer.