Other regulatory factors, such as WNT3/11, LEF1, and FZD in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and FGF1, MAPK, and MET in the FGF signalling pathway, also displayed higher expression in GDM-CMSCs than in H-CMSCs (Fig. 3c). The gene discussed is FGF1; the disease is gestational diabetes.