NKX2-5 and gestational diabetes: As the cardiac-associated genes, NKX2.5 and NOG, are regulated downstream to BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and FGF pathways, the previously observed upregulation of NKX2.5 and NOG in GDM-CMSCs may contribute to enhanced cardiogenesis potential via the modulation of the BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and FGF pathways.