NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Here, we aim to investigate GM-CSF gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR as GM-CSF is a known autocrine/paracrine cytokine that stimulates growth, differentiation, andfunction of normal and leukemic myeloid progenitors together with different molecular prognostic markers such as FLT3/ITD, NPM1 mutation A and CEBPA gene expression in Egyptian AML patients.