In this case-control study, we investigated the impact of MDR1 C1236T polymorphism on acute myeloid leukemia risk in a sample of Moroccan population and we found that the mutant TT genotype of MDR1 C1236T polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of acute myeloid leukemia when compared to the wild type CC genotype. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.