INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Signaling pathways responsive to and augmented by obesity, e.g., insulin/IGF-1 and neurotensin, can positively and synergistically reinforce signaling networks downstream of oncogenic Kras converging on YAP (yes-associated protein)/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), transcriptional co-activators in the Hippo pathway, and critical nodes in PDAC [67,68,69].