BRAF and melanoma: Melanoma is sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA4 (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 or anti-CD 152) and anti-PD1 (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 or anti-CD279) monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and to small-molecule targeted drugs, such as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors.