The activation of immune responses towards influenza infections, like most viral infections, are underpinned by the activation of several molecular pathways including the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NFκB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [44,45,46,47,48,49]. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is viral infectious disease.