Western blotting of lysates from BMDM exposed to TCM showed that Erk signaling was activated, as shown by phosphorylated Erk1/2, in BMDM exposed to TCM from Dek-deficient control cancer cells but was down-regulated significantly in TCM from Dek-expressing (R780-mDek) cells (Figure 3C,D). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and cancer.