A study, including both an in vitro and in vivo models, was conducted by Campolo et al. [124]; the research article highlighted how DMF exerts neuroprotective action in an MPTP-mouse model of PD, this action is given not only by the DMF’s ability to regulate antioxidant enzymes such as Nrf2, Mn-SOD and HO-1, but also by the anti-inflammatory action deriving from the cross-talking between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, thus decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and pro-inflammatory enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is Parkinson disease.