Protein phosphorylation is one of the major classes of reversible PTMs [68], and it has been suggested to play a role in the regulation of self-association and pathogenic aggregation of some proteins such as tau [69] and Aβ [70], associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and TDP-43 [71,72] and FUS [73], associated with some forms of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.