A pro-inflammatory effect is best documented for α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) that activate the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex on myeloid cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to induce a mild intestinal inflammation, disturb tight junctional integrity, and promote extra-intestinal diseases like allergies, the metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease [13,14,15,16,17,18]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is allergic disease.