This response of the microbiome as a defense against RSV infection has been determined to be associated with bacterial products derived from acetate, which stimulates the production of interferon type-1 by activating G-protein coupled receptor 43 (Gpr43) in epithelial cells, producing IFN-β and protecting the respiratory epithelium from viral infection by decreasing the bacterial load [84]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.