Treatment with Ang II markedly induces stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) as a ligand of CXCR4, increases the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by SDF-1/CXCR4 activation, and promotes HSC-mediated ICC progression through induction of EMT [69]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.