IL1B and colitis: For instance, a recent paper, by Tian and collaborators, reported that adenosine, through the activation of A2A receptors, exerts a protective role in colonic inflammation in UC patients through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, including IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-8 [69] (Figure 2).