ENTPD1 and cancer: However, a marked and prolonged presence of high levels of adenosine could promote cancer initiation and progression; therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the molecular mechanisms aimed at producing adenosine (i.e., CD39-CD73 axis) as well as the blockade of adenosine receptors actively involved in switch off the immune system (i.e., A2A and A2B) represents an attractive strategy to counteract the onset of tumorigenesis [116].