Although that study did not identify the Th subsets with increased GM-CSF production, it found that GM-CSF and IFN-γ expression (but not IL-17) was increased in MS, raising the possibility that these GM-CSF-expressing cells are Th1 cells and the newly identified Th cell subset (Th-GM cells) but not Th17 cells. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.