Mechanistic analysis showed that EV treatment (1) restored phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and protein kinase B in T2D rats, (2) promoted the expression of translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in muscle, and (3) maintained glucose homeostasis via increased storage of glycogen in the liver. Here, IRS1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.