The EORTC 18081 PEG-IFNα-2b randomized trial, observed a similar HR (0.69) for RFS to the previous EORTC trials (0.69) indicating that in ulcerated primary melanoma patients (even including patients with small micrometastases in the sentinel node), IFN can be the treatment of choice to be proposed in countries where there is no reimbursement yet for the new adjuvant immunotherapies or target therapies [36]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and melanoma.