Based on the pathologic response found in the index node, the patients with a (near)-pCR (maximum 10% viable tumor) will undergo follow-up, those with a partial response (10–50% viable tumor) will undergo a node dissection, but continue with follow-up thereafter and the non-responders (>50% viable tumor) will undergo a node dissection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant systemic therapy with either BRAF/MEK inhibition (only for BRAF-mutated melanomas) or anti-PD-1. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.