CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: In this study of 61 newly diagnosed CLL patients, which included 39 patients presenting with CD38 on leukemic cells, we assessed the cell-surface expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2 in the PBMC populations that included CD19+CD5+, CD19+CD5−, and CD19TM (designated as T-NK) lymphocytes and monocytes, using the multiparameter flow cytometry (mFC) method.