A recent study has documented a Smad7 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs144204026, which leads to a transition from Glycine to Arginine in position 39 into the MH1 domain of Smad7, in a father and son with extensive hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyposis and early-onset oesophageal cancer [15]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and carcinoma of esophagus.