Orthotopic models of Panc02 human pancreatic cancer cells were insensitive to anti-PD-1 antibody as a monotherapy, but in combination with a specific CAIX inhibitor (DH348) or LDHA inhibitor (FX-11), were efficient in overcoming resistance to PD-1 blockade, while constraining metastasis [158]. Here, CA9 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.