In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a predisposing factor for mitochondrial oxidative stress [51], while elevated Ang II in NVG due to PDR (Figure 1) would reasonably lead to cytoplasmic oxidative stress via AT1R-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) oxidase axis [52]. This evidence concerns the gene AGTR1 and Hyperglycemia.